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China

China's Ministry of State Security (MSS) is the civilian intelligence service. PLA units and the Communist Party's United Front Work Department also appear in foreign government alerts. Most cases here are Western government assessments, indictments and inquiries. Beijing's denials are included only where a source we opened quotes them, and an indictment or an assessment is never presented as proof.

Agencies (3)

Most controversial (13)

Cases are listed newest first. “Alleged” and “Unknown” cases are claims, not findings. Where the same case also belongs to another section it is cross-listed.

ALLEGED 30 September 2026MI5 alert on a Chinese “front” instituteOpen case file →ALLEGED 2026Hafnium hacking case: extradition of Xu ZeweiOpen case file →ALLEGED Advisory revised 3 September 2025Salt Typhoon: alleged PRC targeting of telecommunications networksOpen case file →ALLEGED 17 January 2025TikTok v. Garland: the Supreme Court and the data-access concernOpen case file →VERIFIED 28 January 2025Hogue Commission: foreign interference in CanadaOpen case file →ALLEGED 7 February 2024Volt Typhoon: alleged PRC pre-positioning in US infrastructureOpen case file →ALLEGED 2022–2023“Overseas police stations”: allegations and a US prosecutionOpen case file →VERIFIED 20 June 2023Operation Fox Hunt: convictions in BrooklynOpen case file →ALLEGED 4 February 2023The 2023 high-altitude balloonOpen case file →VERIFIED Charged 10 October 2018; sentenced 16 November 2022Yanjun Xu: an MSS officer convicted in the United StatesOpen case file →ALLEGED 13 January 2022MI5 interference alert on Christine Lee and the United FrontOpen case file →UNKNOWN 14 July 2020UK orders Huawei out of 5G networks by 2027Open case file →ALLEGED June 2015OPM breach: 21.5 million background-check recordsOpen case file →