Hogue Commission: foreign interference in Canada
Verified: Documented in primary records or confirmed by reputable inquiry/reporting.
Canada’s Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference, led by Commissioner Marie-Josée Hogue, dated its final report 28 January 2025. The summary says the PRC poses the most sophisticated and active cyber threat to Canada. It describes India as the second most active country engaging in electoral foreign interference, and Pakistan’s activities as opportunistic.
Documented
The report volume is public. It says CSIS assesses the PRC is increasingly using social media and the Internet for disinformation involving elections.
Claimed, disputed or not established
The findings are the inquiry’s judgments on intelligence evidence, not criminal findings. The summary says some disinformation could not be definitively linked to a foreign state. China and India’s responses are not in the source opened.
Sources (opened in a new tab)
- Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference: Final Report Vol. 1 (PDF) ↗https://foreigninterferencecommission.ca/fileadmin/report%5Fvolume%5F1.pdf
Connected
- Section: China, also India and Pakistan
- Agencies: CSIS
- Case board · Timeline (2025) · Document vault