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India and Pakistan

India's Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) and Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) operate under heavy secrecy. Public sources are court rulings, parliamentary and judicial commissions, foreign prosecutions and press reporting. The cases here are tagged carefully, and several are open questions.

Agencies (2)

Most controversial (8)

Cases are listed newest first. “Alleged” and “Unknown” cases are claims, not findings. Where the same case also belongs to another section it is cross-listed.

VERIFIED 28 January 2025Hogue Commission: foreign interference in CanadaOpen case file →ALLEGED 2024US indictment over an alleged plot against a Sikh separatistOpen case file →UNKNOWN 18 September 2023; July 2026 reportKilling of Hardeep Singh Nijjar: allegation and later statementOpen case file →UNKNOWN 25 August 2022India’s Supreme Court committee on PegasusOpen case file →VERIFIED Sentenced April 2017; ICJ judgment 17 July 2019Kulbhushan Jadhav: the ICJ caseOpen case file →ALLEGED 8 July 2013Abbottabad Commission report (leaked)Open case file →UNKNOWN January 2012Saleem Shahzad inquiryOpen case file →ALLEGED 24 May 2011David Headley’s testimony about an ISI officer, “Major Iqbal”Open case file →