China · founded 1983 · China's civilian intelligence and security service.
ALLEGED April 2026
Hafnium hacking case: extradition
The US Justice Department alleges Xu Zewei worked as a contractor for the MSS in cyberattacks, including targeting COVID-19 research; he was extradited from Italy and has not been tried on these facts.
Sources (opened in a new tab):
TechCrunch: Hacker who allegedly carried out cyberattacks for China is extradited ↗ https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/27/hacker-who-allegedly-carried-out-cyberattacks-for-china-is-extradited-to-u-s/
ALLEGED 30 September 2026
MI5 alert on CGTRI
MI5 says a Chinese institute that funds UK academics is a front for the MSS; these are MI5's assertions.
Sources (opened in a new tab):
The Guardian: MI5 issues spy alert to UK universities ↗ https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/sep/30/mi5-issues-spy-alert-over-body-linked-chinese-state-stealing-vital-uk-research-universities