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Russia and the USSR

The KGB served the Soviet state until 1991. Its foreign arm's successor is the SVR, the FSB handles domestic security, and the GRU is military intelligence. Much of what is known comes from court indictments, public inquiries and international bodies, plus defectors' archives and investigative journalism. Russia rejects many of these findings, and that is noted where it applies.

Agencies (4)

Most controversial (11)

Cases are listed newest first. “Alleged” and “Unknown” cases are claims, not findings. Where the same case also belongs to another section it is cross-listed.

VERIFIED 4 March 2018; Inquiry findings 4 December 2025Salisbury: Novichok, the OPCW and the Sturgess InquiryOpen case file →ALLEGED Warrants 7 August 2024GRU Unit 29155 officers charged over WhisperGateOpen case file →UNKNOWN Investigation published 31 March 2024Havana syndrome: the alleged Unit 29155 linkOpen case file →ALLEGED 2020Navalny poisoning: the alleged FSB unitOpen case file →ALLEGED Attack June 2017; attributions 15 February 2018NotPetya: government attribution to the Russian militaryOpen case file →ALLEGED 13 July 2018Twelve GRU officers indicted over the 2016 election hacksOpen case file →VERIFIED Death 2006; report 21 January 2016Litvinenko Inquiry: polonium poisoning in LondonOpen case file →VERIFIED June 2010SVR “illegals”: Operation Ghost StoriesOpen case file →VERIFIED 1992; opened to researchers 2014The Mitrokhin Archive: a KGB archivist’s notes leave RussiaOpen case file →VERIFIED From 1981Operation RYaN: the KGB’s nuclear-attack early warning effortOpen case file →VERIFIED March–May 1940; Duma statement 26 November 2010Katyn: the 1940 killings of Polish prisonersOpen case file →